Political debate is a key component of our democracy. It is a vehicle for explaining to voters what the candidates stand for and what they hope to accomplish if elected. Debates are more substantive and more enduring than a television advertisement or a quick chat with an unpaid college intern canvassing on behalf of the campaign. At their best, they embody democratic ideals and help voters gain a fuller perspective on the issue at hand that cannot be fully conveyed in a 30-second TV ad or a five-minute conversation with a campaign volunteer.
The debates are conducted by the Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD) which is independent of the major political parties and does not receive funds from any government agency, nor from either the Democrats or Republicans. The CPD’s board includes distinguished Americans who are not politicians. To be invited to a debate, candidates must have a statistically feasible chance of winning a majority of electoral votes in the United States. This is determined by five national public opinion polling companies before the debates begin.
Debates take many forms, from a single moderator to a panelist format where candidates sit at the same table, to town hall meeting formats where members of the audience ask questions. A well-moderated debate is designed to be a structured, formal exchange, but in practice it can easily devolve into a shouting match.
It is up to the candidates to be civil and respectful, to stick to addressing policy and record rather than attacking their opponents personally, and to make only promises that are consistent, capable of being achieved, and within the jurisdiction of the office they seek. They should answer the question asked and stay within their allotted time. They should refrain from rude, sarcastic and personal attacks, and be prepared to defend their positions in a robust fashion.